Which type of flight control system uses electronic signals to operate the controls?

Fly-by-wire systems represent a modern approach to flight control where electronic signals are utilized to operate the aircraft's control surfaces. Instead of relying on traditional mechanical linkages or hydraulic systems, fly-by-wire systems convert the pilot’s inputs into electronic signals that are transmitted to the flight control computers. These computers then command the control surfaces to move.

One of the primary benefits of fly-by-wire technology is the ability to implement advanced flight control laws that can enhance aircraft performance and safety. It can also improve pilot workload by simplifying the necessary control inputs. This electronic system can integrate various redundancy and fail-safe protocols, ensuring that the aircraft can still operate safely even in the event of certain system failures.

In contrast, mechanical systems rely on physical connections, such as cables and pulleys, while pneumatic systems utilize air pressure to operate controls, and hydraulic systems depend on fluid pressure. These traditional methods do not provide the same level of efficiency, flexibility, and technological advantages that a fly-by-wire system offers. Fly-by-wire technology is particularly prevalent in modern commercial and military aircraft, showcasing a significant advancement in aviation control systems.