What type of flap system increases the wing area and changes the wing camber?

The flap system that increases both wing area and changes wing camber is the Fowler flap. When deployed, Fowler flaps slide back and down from the wing's trailing edge, which not only increases the surface area of the wing but also alters its aerodynamic profile. This dual action enhances lift by allowing for a higher angle of attack before stall, making the aircraft more effective during takeoff and landing.

This capability to expand the wing area along with increasing camber significantly contributes to the overall lift characteristics of an aircraft. It is particularly beneficial during low-speed operations, improving performance when maximum lift is crucial, such as during landing approaches. The design and mechanism of Fowler flaps are specifically engineered for these advantages, differentiating them from other types of flaps that do not provide the same combination of effects.