What must pilots monitor to ensure flight control effectiveness?

Monitoring airflow over control surfaces and airspeed is fundamental to ensuring flight control effectiveness. The aerodynamics of flight are heavily influenced by how air interacts with the control surfaces—such as ailerons, rudder, and elevators—of the aircraft. Adequate airflow is crucial; if the airspeed drops too low, these surfaces may become ineffective, leading to a loss of control. This is especially relevant during critical phases of flight like takeoff and landing, where maintaining sufficient speed is essential for the aircraft's stability and maneuverability.

In addition to airflow, airspeed itself plays a vital role in determining the lift generated by the wings and the control authority of the flight control surfaces. Pilots need to be aware of the airspeed to avoid stalling the aircraft, which can occur if the aircraft exceeds its critical angle of attack at too low a speed. This comprehensive understanding enables pilots to make informed decisions and maintain control throughout various flight conditions.