What is the primary purpose of flaps on an aircraft?

The primary purpose of flaps on an aircraft is to increase lift at slower speeds. When flaps are extended, they change the shape of the wing, allowing the aircraft to generate greater lift at lower speeds. This is particularly beneficial during critical phases of flight, such as takeoff and landing, where the aircraft needs to maintain controlled lift while flying at reduced speeds. By increasing the lift coefficient of the wing, flaps enable the aircraft to safely operate within the lower end of its speed range, making it possible to take off and land on shorter runways or in situations where speed is limited.

While reducing drag during landing, stabilizing flight in turbulence, and enhancing fuel efficiency are relevant to aircraft performance, they do not capture the primary purpose of flaps. Instead, those factors relate to specific flight conditions or design objectives rather than the fundamental role of flaps in increasing lift at slower speeds.