In which scenario does the elevator exert downforce?

When the elevator is deflected upward, it changes the airflow and pressure distribution around the tail of the aircraft. This upward deflection generates downforce on the tail, which works against the lift produced by the wings. As a result, the aircraft's nose tends to pitch down, making it more difficult for the aircraft to climb or promoting descent. This is often used as a control input to maintain level flight or to initiate a descent when the pilot wants to counteract a climb.

In contrast, when the elevator is deflected downward, it generally increases the angle of attack, leading to an increase in lift, and is typically used to assist in climbing rather than producing downforce. A neutral position during level flight means there is no significant change in airflow around the tail, and coordination with the rudder does not directly correlate with the elevator's function in creating downforce.