How do flaps enhance performance during takeoff and landing?

Flaps enhance performance during takeoff and landing primarily by increasing both lift and drag. When deployed, flaps change the shape of the wing, which increases the wing's camber and overall surface area. This modification allows the wing to produce greater lift at lower speeds, which is particularly beneficial during takeoff, as it enables the aircraft to become airborne at a lower airspeed.

In addition to increasing lift, the deployment of flaps also generates additional drag. This increased drag helps to reduce the aircraft's speed during landing, allowing for a more controlled descent and approach to the runway. The combination of increased lift and drag gives pilots more control over the aircraft at lower speeds and enables steeper approaches while maintaining safe operational parameters.

Understanding how flaps work is crucial for flight safety and performance optimization during the critical phases of takeoff and landing.