How are flight controls linked to the pilot's controls?

Flight controls are linked to the pilot's controls through a variety of systems that can include mechanical linkages or electronic systems such as fly-by-wire. Mechanical linkages involve physical connections like cables and pulleys that translate the pilot's movements directly into corresponding movements of the flight control surfaces. This system has been used for many years in aviation.

On the other hand, fly-by-wire systems represent a more modern approach where the pilot's inputs are converted into electronic signals that then command the flight control actuators. This electronic control enhances precision, reduces weight, and can include safety features like envelope protection, which helps prevent the aircraft from exceeding its performance limits.

Therefore, this option accurately reflects the two primary methods through which flight control systems operate, combining traditional mechanical means with advanced electronic technologies.